Why acid reflux occurs
Stomach acid, which helps you digest food, is usually not a problem when it stays
where it belongs—in your stomach. Unfortunately, this is not the case with acid
reflux disease.
Acid reflux is a physical condition where the contents of the stomach—including
acid—back up (or reflux) into the esophagus (the tube that carries food from your
mouth to your stomach). That can lead to heartburn
and other acid reflux disease symptoms like
a bad taste in your throat and belching.
The role of the LES
Between your esophagus and your stomach there is a natural barrier, or valve, called
the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). For most people, the LES
works just fine. But for some people with acid reflux disease, this valve does not
always work the way it should for 2 reasons:

Damages to the esophagus
The lining of your stomach is built to handle stomach acid. The lining of your esophagus
is not. It can protect itself for a while, but when acid comes in contact with this
lining for an extended period of time, it can lead to damage. This is what you may
experience as heartburn and other painful or uncomfortable symptoms.
If left untreated, acid reflux disease may even cause damage (erosions) to the lining
of the esophagus, a condition known as erosive esophagitis. If you have any
concerns about your symptoms, please be sure to discuss them with your doctor.
Next: What happens?